The seabed is no longer a blind spot. It's becoming one of the most strategically contested environments in modern defence. As activity beneath the surface increases, so too does the risk to the infrastructure that quietly underpins everything from global communications to energy supply. What was once largely overlooked is now firmly on the radar of military planners and policymakers.
In this interview, Commander Julien Le Roux brings a practitioner's perspective shaped by years at the intersection of submarine operations, engineering, and undersea warfare leadership. He outlines how the threat landscape is evolving, why ambiguity is now a defining feature of seabed operations, and what this means for how navies prepare, collaborate, and respond.